Propylene carbonates (PC) are the multifunctional organic solvents used for solvency and dielectric constant in lithium-ion batteries. It is famous for improving the stability, capacity retention, and general performance of all batteries, making it ideal as a constituent of modern energy storage systems solutions. It also exploits the formation of a Solid Electrolyte Interphase (SEI) layer, which is critical for prolonging the lifecycle of a battery; increasing efficiency in terms of charging /discharging, and providing consistency over time.
Being a polar solvent, Propylene Carbonate supports rapid ion transport and the conductivity moment of the electrolytes. Its high flash point and low viscosity make it suitable for use in applications that need both safety and efficiency. Propylene Carbonate is used jointly with other solvents to maximize the overall performance of lithium-ion batteries, especially in energy storage and vehicles as well as diverse consumer electronics.
| Property | Details |
|---|---|
| Chemical Formula | C4H6O3 |
| Molecular Weight | 102.09 g/mol |
| Appearance | Colorless, odorless liquid |
| Purity | ≥ 99% |
| Boiling Point | 242°C |
| Melting Point | -49°C |
| Density (at 20°C) | 1.20 g/cm³ |
| Flash Point | 125°C (Closed cup) |
| Viscosity (at 25°C) | 2.7 mPa·s |
| Solubility | Miscible with water and most organic solvents |
| Reactivity | Stable under normal conditions; avoid strong acids and oxidizers |
Electric Vehicles (EVs)
Energy Storage Systems (ESS)
Consumer Electronics
Industrial Equipment
Aerospace & Defense
Medical Devices
PC has a very low melting point (-48°C) and high dielectric constant, which makes it excellent for improving low-temperature battery performance and overall electrolyte safety.
Yes, when used in high concentrations with graphite anodes, PC can co-intercalate with lithium ions, leading to graphite exfoliation. This is typically resolved by blending it with film-forming additives like VC.
The CAS number is 108-32-7, its molecular formula is C₄H₆O₃, and its molecular weight is 102.09 g/mol. It appears as a clear, colorless, and odorless liquid.
Yes, PC is synthesized by reacting carbon dioxide with propylene oxide, utilizing CO₂ and avoiding toxic phosgene-based pathways, making it a green industrial solvent.
Beyond batteries, PC is utilized in the production of plastics, adhesives, paint stripping, and as a safe polar solvent in the cosmetics and pharmaceutical industries.